What are threads? Thin strands of fabric which form up a cloth? May be defined as it!🎑

Prior to the entire discussion, let’s speak of ‘Hindu’ and proceed. Who’s a Hindu? A person following, propagating and practising Hinduism, a religion?🕉 Nope. That’s just a great misconception which has prevailed in minds of people since long centuries! Let’s view it’s etymology.📖 Indus Valley Civilization🌆, which is one of the ancient human civilizations of the world, existed on the banks, the valley of ‘River Indus’, or rather ‘Sindhu Nadi’🏞 (the historic local Sanskrit apellation of Indus). It stretched over the areas from northeast Afghanistan🇦🇫, through much of Pakistan🇵🇰, and into western and northwestern India🇮🇳. People from the Indus Valley Civilization started moving from their particular inhabited land to other lands🚶🏾‍♂️🚶🏾‍♀️, mainly towards the southeast, towards India🌏. When the Persians from the Persian empire of Iran 🇮🇷(the further descendants and even mix of Mesopotamian civilization) arrived at the scene, they termed the people residing across the River Sindhu🏞 (Indus) as Hindus🧘🏾‍♀️🧘🏾‍♂️, which also gave birth to the word ‘Hindustan’🇮🇳 (indeed a synonym of India), meaning the land of Hindus (modified by the Persian suffix ‘stān’ meaning ‘land or province’). Now, the controversy of the word Hindu begins!🤔 The initial “S” is a relatively rare sound in Old Persian📜 (of course there must be old versions of languages!🤷🏻‍♂️), thus ‘they’ pronounced “S” of Sindhu as “H” and gave us ‘Hindu’. This hereby concludes that Hindu is not a person following Hinduism, rather a kind exonym for a particular group📖. Again, a question rises- What is Hindu-ism then🕉? Is it a misnomer as well? Yes, it is a misnomer. When the Europeans🇮🇴 came to India, they termed the word ‘Hinduism’ and it, to be a religion. So, what’s the ‘actual’ name of Hinduism if these all were just ‘pseudonyms’? As mentioned by the vedic scriptures, it is known as the ‘Sanatana Dharma’🛕 (Hey! Not Santa Dharma, hoho~🎅🖐). So, next time when you say your religion is Hinduism, keep the concept in mind that it is originally ‘Sanatan Dharma’🕉 and that ‘Hindu’ is simply a traditional way of saying “Indian”🇮🇳 or terming any person living across River Indus🏞🧘🏾‍♂️🧘🏾‍♀️. So, let it be a Buddhist☸, Muslim☪️, Sanatana-Dharmi🕉, Christian✝️, Jain, Taoist☯️, Jew✡, Zoroastrian or any person practising any religion, but residing across the River Indus (Sindhu) are originally known as “Hindus”.🏞

Moving further to a yet another distinct topic of ‘origin of languages’.📖 Languages originated in different regions of the world🌍 as individual sets or families which evolved to give birth to descendant languages which we currently speak. For reference, let’s just take 6 largest language families, vis-a-vis, Niger-Congo, Austronesian, Trans-New Guinea, Sino-Tibetan, Indo-European, and Afro-Asiatic family📜. The descendant languages or to say the ‘daughter languges’ were mixed with other languages of the same family itself and with other families as well, with the support of dialects, anglicized pronunciations and scripts, to form more daughter languages, which again mixed with other languages. So were formed around 7,000 languages of the entire world🗺. In fact, the major daughter languages of these parent languages, formed their own sets as well! The six major language families with few examples alongside are: •Niger-Congo– Yoruba, Igbo, Fula, Xhosa and Zulu (spoken in the African continent🌍); •Austronesian–Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Bicol, Waray-Waray, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Minangkabau, the Batak languages, Acehnese, Balinese, Buginese, Malagasy etc. (widely spoken throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and Taiwan🌏); •Trans-New Guinea– Melpa, Kuman, Enga, Huli, Western Dani, Makasae, Ekari etc. ( spoken in New Guinea and neighboring islands🌏); •Sino-Tibetan- Chinese (and other dialects of Chinese), Tibetic (Central Tibetan, Amdo, Khams, Dzongkha–Lhokä, Ladakhi–Balti, Lahuli–Spiti, Kyirong–Kagate, Sherpa–Jirel etc.), Tamangic languages (Moormi/Tamang, Gurung, Thakali & Manang), Lolo-Bumese, Bodo-Garo, Meitei, Kuki-Chin, Bai, Jingpho-Luish (Sak, Kadu, Ganan, Andro, Sengmai & Chairel), Karenic languages etc. (spoken in northeast and parts of central and southeast Asia🌏); •Indo-European- Hindi, Sanskrit, Nepali, Kashmiri, Pahari, Prakrit, Pali, Marathi, Kumaon, Gadwali, Bengali, Punjabi, Persian, Urdu, Bhojpuri, German, French, Italian, Latin, Greek, Bhil, Sindhi, Ladino, Spanish, Danish, Dutch, Swedish, Czech, Russian, Kurdish, Pashto, Portuguese etc. (widely spoken in the Americas, Europe, and also Western and Southern Asia🌏🌍🌎); and •Afro-Asiatic- Berber (Kabyle, Central Atlas Tamazight, Shilha, Tuareg Senhaja de Sair, Zenaga etc.), Chadic (Hausa, Massa, Bole, Bade, Margi etc.), Cushitic (Oromo, Somali, Beja, Agaw, Afar, Saho and Sidamo etc.), Egyptian, Omotic (Gonga, Mao, Hemsa, Chara etc.), Semitic (Arabic, Aramaic, Amharic, Sheri etc.) languages (primarily spoken in West Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahel🌍). All the languages are derived from their primary parent languages, which somehow also came from one single parent language or proto-lingua, (that’s unknown) meaning that all the languages are interconnected but in different and unique ways. There may be certain words of a particular language, matching with words of various other languages, but the pronunciation or spelling may sound anglicized. Eg- three👌 (English), trī (Sanskrit), treis (Greek), tres (Latin), trey (Tocharian), trys (Lithuanian), tri (Old Irish), tri (Hittite) etc.

Let us browse through the pages of history now!📚 (Don’t worry, I won’t go deep. I’ll just brief the topics!) There goes a legend of a dynasty, which was founded by one of the Chinese descendants of the Shan dynasty of Mong Mao region kingdom of southeast Asia🌏 (now Myanmar🇲🇲, China🇨🇳, the states of northeast India🇮🇳 of Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh, principally set in the Dehong region of Yunnan with a capital near the modern-day border town of Ruili), which got settled in the valleys of Kamrupa in Assam with Charaideo as its first capital. It was the Golden Age for Assam, when it was under the reign of the Ahoms. Yes! It was Chaolung Sukapha, a Chinese, rather Tai prince, the descendant of the Shan dynasty. Yes, a Chinese🇮🇳🇨🇳 descendant who developed his own dynasty of Ahom in India. (He was a Shan prince. Shans immigrated from China who establish the Shan states in Mong Mao region.) [This is also symbolic for the Indo-China-Myanmar relationship.] The Ahoms were in constant disputes with the Mughals, but the Mughals could not annex their kingdom as well. They ruled and flourished in the valleys of Assam for almost 600 years🏞 and developed their own cultures and traditions which still exist today🎎, but their language is dead (yet it is undergoing revival steadily📚). The Ahom people are still present, mainly in upper Assam. The rulers of the Mughal Empire shared certain genealogical relations with the Mongol royals and the great Timurid dynasty. Their first ruler and founder, Babur was a descendant of Timur (from Timurid dynasty: comprising modern-day Uzbekistan🇺🇿, Kazakhstan🇰🇿, Iran🇮🇷, the southern region of the Caucasus🏔, Mesopotamia, Afghanistan🇦🇫, much of Central Asia🌏, as well as parts of contemporary India🇮🇳, Pakistan🇵🇰, Syria🇸🇾 and Turkey🇹🇷) and Genghis Khan (from the Mongol Empire: originating in Mongolia🇲🇳 in East Asia, which eventually stretched from Eastern Europe🌍 and parts of Central Europe to the Sea of Japan🇯🇵, extending northward into parts of the Arctic❄; eastward and southward into the Indian subcontinent🇮🇳, Mainland Southeast Asia🌏 and the Iranian Plateau🇮🇷; and westward as far as the Levant and the Carpathian Mountains🏔) through his father and mother respectively. Which means that when Mughals then came to India, they established a relation of their forefathers and they themselves in the Indian subcontinent. This means that historically, almost all the countries and people of the Asian continent are linked with each other ( vis-a-vis, the Mediterranean, Middle East, parts of central and northern Asia, and Far East🌏♾🌍). The modern descendants of Mughal might be scattered all around India after the dynasty’s decline, but no one knows who they are still, this stands as a great example of relation of humans! There may also be many such examples which established many links, worldwide.

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[Fun fact: Did you know there was one tribe that defeated the Mughals 17 times in battle🤺? Yes, The mighty Ahoms fought and won against the Mughal empire seventeen times🐅☀️! In fact, they were the only dynasty not to fall to the Mughal Empire.❄]

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Next is biogeographical links🧫🗺! Studies and evidence suggest us that all the species are related, that is, they all are descended from a common ancestor🌿. About a century and a half ago, naturalist, Charles Darwin👨🏼‍🔬 saw evidence of these relationships in striking anatomical similarities between diverse species🧫🌿, both living and extinct. For example, the DNA🧬🧪of humans🙋‍♂️🙋‍♀️ (homo sapiens) match with chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) and their close relative bonobos (pan paniscus), by around 98.7%🦍🦧; with mice (mus musculus) by 90%🐀; with dogs (canis lupus familiaris) by 80%🐕 and with chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) by 65%🐓.

If you’re sitting in your place (either comfortably relaxed, or with a quite grave expression!😆) you may be holding a cup🍶 made of china porcelain🇨🇳, having a purse👝or bag👜of Chanel🇫🇷, wearing a watch⌚ mainly from Switzerland🇨🇭, Nike shoe👟 originally from America🇺🇸, French perfume🧴🇫🇷, wearing a shirt👔 from China🇨🇳, using decomposable and ecofriendly jute bags🛍🌿 from India🇮🇳 and Bangladesh🇧🇩, and owning a makeup kit of L’Oreal💄 from Paris🇫🇷. These are all examples by which, the people, especially youngsters, the future world are connected with each other. This is called globalisation🌐🌿. Globalization is the process whereby systems expand from being regional or national to encompass the entire planet🗺. It may be through trade💰, immigration🏕, travel🚞, communication☎️, transportation🚛, knowledge📚, media & entertainment🎭, culture🀄, law⚖, environment🏞, human rights💁🏻‍♂️💁🏻‍♀️, political stability🚨, capital💸 and science🔬🥼. You may have foreigner friends, as your them through social media, or were a part of a certain forum or club where you became friends; you may like foreign culture, tradition, art, language, (like I love Chinese and Persian languages and tradition🎎🎏) television shows🖥, web series📀, movies🎬, novels, books📚, anime, manhua, manga, use various digital platforms to access the entertainment shows💾 (Netflix, AmazonPrime, Hotstar) etc. You are acknowledged about apartheid💁🏿‍♂️❌, the human rights across the world🌏 (#blacklivesmatter #supportthetibetanfreedom #stopasianhate #northkoreanprotests), the protest for the establishment of some other government by eradicating the monarchy in Thailand🇹🇭 and many more. This is how we all are economically, culturally, politically and through many more ways globalised! 🌐🌾

There are many rival and ally countries such as rivals between India-China🇮🇳🇨🇳, India-Pakistan🇮🇳🇵🇰 and allies of Indonesia-Thailand🇮🇩🇹🇭, France-UK-Getmany🇫🇷🇬🇧🇩🇪; but we must always remeber that whatever these enmity or friendship maybe, we all belong to the HUMAN RACE🌌. Not only that, we all share most of the things in common, each one of us (either flora🌺 or fauna🦓) reside in one of the 197 countries, a group of which belongs to the seven continents and seven oceans🗺, which together form up one Earth🌍, which belongs to the solar system🌌, which is not mine, not yours, but OURS🌾! Let’s lead a better tomorrow, youths! Seek further for the great human renaissance where the world would understand our interrelationships and there’ll be harmony all around🇺🇳🌿🌍. Atleast, peace and harmony in few areas of the world. We all are connected through ‘threads of gold’🧵, which is eternal and strong. We just need to polish the threads properly, so that our relations can shine, shimmer and twinkle🌠✨! The pink ribbon of love and harmony🎀, and yellow flowers of kinship🌻 may then embrace these thin yet precious threads💎, either the threads of languages📜, culture🎍🎐, history📖, religion, biogeography🌍, genealogy🧬, philosophy🔖, society🏰 etc.! Let us acknowledge ourselves of world interrelationships and globalisation, the only way to unite the nations!🇺🇳🌾🌍

Thank you for reading, and keep gaining more infos and knowledge about the language families, genealogy, biogeography and origin of the continents, the Ahom kingdom and language (after that, you can even check this Ahom song), Mong Mao, Globalisation and many more topics discussed above in more detailed manner! I would be extremely privileged if you would contact me through the following platforms:- Instagram @_banaz_gurung_ and EMail: boonoi.yangtzeki@gmail

“If you can’t find the sunshine, BE THE SUNSHINE!”🌤

~Fatima Karim🌻